Abstinence
and Plans of Eating
In OA, abstinence is the action of refraining from compulsive eating
and compulsive food behaviours while working towards or maintaining a healthy
body weight. Once we become abstinent, the preoccupation with food diminishes
and in many cases leaves us entirely (Our
Invitation to You). A Plan of Eating
is one of our tools of recovery. And
yet, “We are not a “diet” club. We do not endorse any particular plan of
eating.” Newcomers often ask their
sponsors, “but what do I eat? What
should my plan of eating be?”
Learning about our compulsive eating and
compulsive food behaviours is the starting point. In the OA podcast on Plans of Eating (below),
the speaker suggests writing down everything you put in your mouth for several
days. Look for your patterns and
triggers. It may be certain foods. It may be emotional. It may be a time of day. The speaker gives the example of feeling
angry and craving something crunchy to eat.
What are your patterns in your
food log? What foods do you hoard? What foods do you only eat when you’re
alone? What do you eat when you’re
upset? When you’re celebrating? You’re looking for where, when and what
you eat mindlessly, compulsively.
Next, develop your plan of eating to
minimize your cravings. Your plan of eating needs to physically
support your abstinence. It must
address your nutritional needs as well as support your body in a return to (or
maintenance of) a healthy weight. OA
encourages us to get professional guidance here if we need it.
We can learn from OA’s past in terms of
plans of eating. In 1962, Overeaters
Anonymous made its first major decision as a group. Rozanne S., who was a dietician's daughter,
had previously subscribed to the belief that calories were the most important
factor for weight loss and weight maintenance.
She later wrote that during this time, she believed "It didn't
matter how much I ate or how often, as long as my total food count remained
within the limits I had set for myself."
After attending an A.A. meeting that
discussed the idea of abstinence, Rozanne decided that snacking between meals
only reinforced her tendency to compulsively overeat. At the next meeting of Overeaters Anonymous,
Rozanne introduced the idea of O.A.-sanctioned abstinence: three moderate meals with no snacking in
between and only no-calorie beverages, such as black coffee and water. The new rules did make allowances for those
whose doctors advised them to eat more frequently. This introduction of the first Overeaters
Anonymous food plan sparked controversy that continued to unfold over the
decades to come.
In 1963, the first so-called "Gold
Sheet" was distributed among O.A. members.
It was a food plan that recommended a diet for its members that included
no refined carbohydrates; it was named after the color of paper on which it was
printed. Initially it was distributed
informally and was not officially recognized by Overeaters Anonymous. The next year the same plan with slight
variations was distributed on green paper and was thus referred to as the
"Green Sheet."
In May of 1966, the group as a whole, at
their national conference, approved a pamphlet entitled, To the Newcomer. The pamphlet stated in part:
Abstinence
in Overeaters Anonymous means abstinence from compulsive overeating. An eating plan is the method by which we
abstain. The following is our suggested
method of abstinence from compulsive overeating: (1) Three moderate meals a day with nothing
in-between; and (2) Avoidance of all individual binge foods.
This was Overeaters Anonymous first
officially sanctioned food plan, although many members lobbied the legislative
body of O.A. to approve more stringent diet plans, like the Gold and Green
Sheets.
In the late 1960s, the Gold and Green
Sheets were superseded by a new plan on the cheapest colour to print on at the
time, grey. The Grey Sheet became one of
the most popular and controversial of all food plans distributed in Overeaters
Anonymous. The plan called for complete
abstinence from man-made sugars and starches and from any foods with more than
a 10-percent carbohydrate content.
In
April of 1972, the founder of Overeaters Anonymous, Rozanne S., had gained back
so much of the weight that she had lost in the program that she was fired from
her position of O.A. National Secretary
for not being a "physical example of recovery." The next month, O.A.'s National Conference approved three
"disciplined" plans of eating.
The first plan was the beloved "Grey Sheet," the
no-refined-sugars, low-carbohydrates plan.
The 1972 National Conference also approved a low-carbohydrates maintenance
plan, as well as a second plan based on the four food groups helped developed
by Marilyn Moore, a licensed nutritionist in East Los Angeles, California.
In 1977, Overeaters Anonymous dismissed all
of the plans that had been distributed years earlier and released in their
stead a blue sheet called "Suggested Abstinence Guide for Losing Weight."
The Blue Sheet, as it came to be called, officially replaced the Grey Sheet,
but many in the group were not happy with this change.
By 1978, O.A. was starting to realize that
the constant changes in food plans and lack of flexibility were costing it
members. In 1979 the group released a
book called The Dignity of Choice that
was intended to bring the splinter groups back to the fold by including eight
different food plans. The book did not
succeed in its mission, however, and was discontinued.
In 1986, not only did Overeaters Anonymous
stop printing the book; the leadership requested that all groups return their
unsold copies to the group's headquarters.
At the same time that Overeaters Anonymous stopped using The Dignity of
Choice, it decided as a body that to endorse any specific food plan would go
against the aims of the group and that O.A. should instead focus on the 12
steps of recovery. This was seen as a
great step towards ending the controversies that had so bitterly divided the
O.A. membership.
By 1995, the collective OA understanding of
the importance of Abstinence meant that the delegates at WSBC removed
Abstinence as a Tool and replaced it with “A Plan of Eating,” leaving
abstinence as OA’s primary purpose. In
1997, O.A. clarified this point when it released this statement:
The
OA 1997 World Service Business Conference, after careful consideration,
believes that although many individual OA members choose to follow a plan of
eating for their personal plan of recovery, offering food plans at OA meetings
is a violation of Tradition 10. While
each OA member is free to choose a personal plan of eating to achieve
abstinence, OA as a whole cannot print, endorse or distribute food plan
information to members.
Nutrition
is a most controversial outside issue…
We ought best concern ourselves with our suggested program of recovery -
the Twelve Steps.
For more than 25 years Overeaters Anonymous
has not endorsed any specific food plan or diet, instead urging its members to
create their own with the advice of their doctor. The definition of Abstinence is the same for
all members but the Plan of Eating for each member may differ depending on what
compulsive food behaviours we engaged in while practicing our disease, such as
overeating, under‐eating, and purging.
A Plan of Eating is a tool to help the OA
member to maintain abstinence, i.e., to refrain from compulsive eating and
compulsive food behaviours and to work toward or maintain a healthy body
weight. There are as many “plans of
eating” in OA as there are members and a plan may change over time for each
member. Pamphlet “Dignity of Choice” has
samples of some of the many plans of eating OA members use.
In recent years, delegates to the 2011 WSBC
approved changes to the Statement on Abstinence and Recovery, which currently
reads, “Abstinence in Overeaters Anonymous is the action of refraining from
compulsive eating and compulsive food behaviours while working towards or
maintaining a healthy body weight.
Spiritual, emotional and physical recovery is the result of living the
Overeaters Anonymous Twelve Step program".
In 2013 at WSBC, our primary purpose was
modified to say, “Our primary purpose is to abstain from compulsive eating and
to carry the message of recovery through the Twelve Steps of OA to those who
still suffer.”
The
results of a survey of OA membership in 2013 showed that there was a lack of
abstinence and of working all Twelve Steps.
It’s
2017, how are we doing now? Is your plan
of eating a tool that works for you?
- Jennifer S.
[Sources: OA World Service on Abstinence and Plans of
Eating; Goldberg, Lina, "Between the Sheets: The History of Overeaters
Anonymous and its Food Plans," December, 2003]
